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IP packet filter administration utilities
Netfilter is a set of hooks inside the Linux kernel that allows kernel modules to register callback functions with the network stack. A registered callback function is then called back for every packet that traverses the respective hook within the network stack. Iptables is a generic table structure for the definition of rulesets. Each rule within an IP table consists of a number of classifiers (iptables matches) and one connected action (iptables target). Netfilter, ip_tables, connection tracking (ip_conntrack, nf_conntrack) and the NAT subsystem together build the major parts of the framework.
systemd is a system and service manager that runs as PID 1 and starts the rest of the system.
IP sets are a framework inside the Linux kernel, which can be administered by the ipset utility. Depending on the type, an IP set may store IP addresses, networks, (TCP/UDP) port numbers, MAC addresses, interface names or combinations of them in a way, which ensures lightning speed when matching an entry against a set. If you want to * store multiple IP addresses or port numbers and match against the collection by iptables at one swoop; * dynamically update iptables rules against IP addresses or ports without performance penalty; * express complex IP address and ports based rulesets with one single iptables rule and benefit from the speed of IP sets then ipset may be the proper tool for you.
A firewall daemon with D-Bus interface providing a dynamic firewall
firewalld is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable firewall with a D-Bus interface.
A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
These are the GNU core utilities. This package is the combination of the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.
Bash is the GNU Project's shell. Bash is the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and C shell (csh). It is intended to conform to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2/ISO 9945.2 Shell and Tools standard. It offers functional improvements over sh for both programming and interactive use. In addition, most sh scripts can be run by Bash without modification.