LGPLv2+ and LGPLv2+ with exceptions and GPLv2+ and GPLv2+ with exceptions and BSD and Inner-Net-2.0 and ISC and Public Domain and GFDL-1.3-only
systemd is a system and service manager that runs as PID 1 and starts the rest of the system.
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The GNU C Library project provides the core libraries for the GNU system and GNU/Linux systems, as well as many other systems that use Linux as the kernel. These libraries provide critical APIs including ISO C11, POSIX.1-2008, BSD, OS-specific APIs and more. These APIs include such foundational facilities as open, read, write, malloc, printf, getaddrinfo, dlopen, pthread_create, crypt, login, exit and more.
Tools for managing accounts and shadow password files
This package includes the necessary programs for converting plain password files to the shadow password format and to manage user and group accounts.
A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
These are the GNU core utilities. This package is the combination of the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.
Libcgroup is a library that abstracts the control group file system in Linux
Cgroups is a Linux kernel feature that limits, accounts for, and isolates the resource usage (CPU, memory, disk I/O, network, etc.) of a collection of processes. The library helps manipulte and administrate control groups.
Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux
PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) is a system of libraries that handle the authentication tasks of applications (services) on the system.
Bash is the GNU Project's shell. Bash is the Bourne Again SHell. Bash is an sh-compatible shell that incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and C shell (csh). It is intended to conform to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2/ISO 9945.2 Shell and Tools standard. It offers functional improvements over sh for both programming and interactive use. In addition, most sh scripts can be run by Bash without modification.