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systemd is a system and service manager that runs as PID 1 and starts the rest of the system.
IP packet filter administration utilities
Netfilter is a set of hooks inside the Linux kernel that allows kernel modules to register callback functions with the network stack. A registered callback function is then called back for every packet that traverses the respective hook within the network stack. Iptables is a generic table structure for the definition of rulesets. Each rule within an IP table consists of a number of classifiers (iptables matches) and one connected action (iptables target). Netfilter, ip_tables, connection tracking (ip_conntrack, nf_conntrack) and the NAT subsystem together build the major parts of the framework.
A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts
These are the GNU core utilities. This package is the combination of the old GNU fileutils, sh-utils, and textutils packages.
A firewall daemon with D-Bus interface providing a dynamic firewall
firewalld is a firewall service daemon that provides a dynamic customizable firewall with a D-Bus interface.